Theories Behind Nature's Magic

What is stress?

Stress, which the World Health Organisation has called "the health epidemic of the 21st century", is key to how nature-contact benefits us. 

Stress is a physiological state and a response to things that create tension within us, which can result in that all-too-familiar feeling of being stressed out.

How can stress be measured?

We can measure stress by looking at the following hormones:

• Adrenaline
• Noradrenaline
• Cortisol
• Blood pressure
• Heart rate

How does nature relieve and prevent stress?

The explanation is offered in the following theories:

• Prospect Refuge Theory
• Smart Senses Theory
• Attention Restoration Theory

What are the causes of stress?

• Resource inadequacy
• Harm (real or perceived)

What does Prospect Refuge Theory say about nature?

This theory says that we humans feel safe and content in green, plant-filled spaces because they’re indicators of fertility, food, and water, and they provide both vantage points and hiding places.

What does Prospect Refuge Theory say about nature?

This theory says that our five primary senses are attuned to natural forms, and that we’re sensorily attracted to nature’s sights and smells as a result of this.

What does Attention Restoration Theory say about nature?

This theory says that natural, plant-filled settings help to restore our focus and attention by eliciting a "soft fascination".