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The Science of Climate Change

Climate change is no longer a distant threat or just a possibility, it is now a reality for all of us. In this pathway, Kevin Trenberth, a renowned climatologist, delves into the science behind climate change. He first introduces the climate system, its main components and forces.

Tackling the Plastic Crisis

Plastic pollution is by far the biggest threat to our oceans and this remains an incredibly tough problem to solve. Plastic credits could potentially serve as one of the much needed solutions for this crisis.

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The Scale of the Net Zero Challenge

The price of meeting net zero is estimated to be between $100-150 trillion over the next 30 years. Regardless of this cost, we need to reach net zero before climate change does irreversible damage to the environment and the economy.

ESG, Sustainability and Impact Jargon Buster

ESG, sustainability, impact… they all just mean green, right? Not quite. Despite being used often interchangeably, there are distinct differences between these terms.

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Featured Pathways

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The Science of Climate Change

Climate change is no longer a distant threat or just a possibility, it is now a reality for all of us. In this pathway, Kevin Trenberth, a renowned climatologist, delves into the science behind climate change. He first introduces the climate system, its main components and forces.

Tackling the Plastic Crisis

Plastic pollution is by far the biggest threat to our oceans and this remains an incredibly tough problem to solve. Plastic credits could potentially serve as one of the much needed solutions for this crisis.

More pathways

Book a demo

Pricing

Ready to get started?

Plans & Membership

Our Platform

Expert led content

+1,000 expert presented, on-demand video modules

Learning analytics

Keep track of learning progress with our comprehensive data

Interactive learning

Engage with our video hotspots and knowledge check-ins

Testing & certification

Gain CPD / CPE credits and professional certification

Managed learning

Build, scale and manage your organisation’s learning

Integrations

Connect Sustainability Unlocked to your current platform

Featured Content

More featured content

The Scale of the Net Zero Challenge

The price of meeting net zero is estimated to be between $100-150 trillion over the next 30 years. Regardless of this cost, we need to reach net zero before climate change does irreversible damage to the environment and the economy.

ESG, Sustainability and Impact Jargon Buster

ESG, sustainability, impact… they all just mean green, right? Not quite. Despite being used often interchangeably, there are distinct differences between these terms.

More featured content

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Blue Financing and Ocean-based Solutions

Blue Financing and Ocean-based Solutions

Vincent Kneefel

15 years: Ocean conservationist

Climate change is undeniable. So how can we fight the climate crisis in our oceans? Join Vincent Kneefel as he explores two options: financial instruments, such as blue bonds, and nature-based solutions, such as blue carbon.

Climate change is undeniable. So how can we fight the climate crisis in our oceans? Join Vincent Kneefel as he explores two options: financial instruments, such as blue bonds, and nature-based solutions, such as blue carbon.

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Blue Financing and Ocean-based Solutions

14 mins 23 secs

Overview

There are two methods for saving the ocean: financial instruments (i.e. blue bonds) and nature-based solutions (i.e. blue carbon). The World Bank defines blue bonds as a debt instrument issued by governments, development banks or others to raise capital from impact investors to finance marine and ocean-based projects that have positive environmental, economic and climate benefits. There are important steps to follow when issuing blue bonds including: aligning with global standards, developing KPIs, securing second-party opinions and listing on an ESG exchange. Blue carbon projects that can help the ocean include: ocean farms, mangroves, seagrass and kelp forests.

Key learning objectives:

  • Define a blue bond

  • Outline the steps for blue bond issuance

  • Identify examples of blue carbon projects

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Summary

What is a blue bond?

The World Bank defines blue bonds as “a debt instrument issued by governments, development banks or others to raise capital from impact investors to finance marine and ocean-based projects that have positive environmental, economic and climate benefits.” In short, blue bonds are pioneering financial instruments that are designed to support sustainable marine and fisheries projects. They are a subset of the green bonds. 

What are the steps for issuing a blue bond?

1. Aligning with existing global standards 

This involves following globally recognised standards such as the International Capital Market Association’s (ICMA), green bond or sustainability-linked bond principles. Issuers can follow the recommended structuring features, disclosure, and reporting obligations. 

2. Developing a blue bond framework by creating a baseline, key performance indicators, and disclosing relevant performance metrics

When setting a blue bond baseline, an issuer must ensure its business model and strategy aligns its proposed issuance with the various existing sustainable finance principles, as well as the blue finance principles which are being developed. 

3. Securing a second party opinion

Second party opinions offer prospective investors an insight into the sustainability aspects of the bond, as well as that of the issuer. 

4. Listing the blue bond on an exchange

Listing a blue bond provides a platform for investors and issuers to generate greater market liquidity and transparent price discovery. 

What are some examples of blue carbon projects? 

1. Ocean farms

Ocean farms function as some of the largest carbon sinks and economic drivers in a regenerative economy. Conservative estimates show that every acre of macroalgae farms absorbs five tonnes of carbon. 2. Mangroves

Carbon is captured both in the trees and the soil of mangroves. Trees and plants which grow in waters near to the shoreline are critical defences for coastal communities, carbon sinks, and an anchor for biodiversity. 

3. Seagrass

Seagrass occupies just 0.1 percent of the ocean area, yet provides nurseries for 20 percent of the largest fisheries on the planet and 10 percent of the carbon buried in the ocean. 

4. Kelp Forests

Kelp absorbs carbon dioxide and nitrogen compounds, helping clean the atmosphere while capturing up to 20 times more carbon per acre than land forests. 

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Vincent Kneefel

Vincent Kneefel

Vincent Kneefel is an underwater photographer, ocean conservationist and circular economy expert. He has worked for organizations such as WWF, United Nations and Accenture on strategic sustainability and ocean conservation initiatives. His photographs show some of the most iconic and endangered creatures of our ocean.

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