Desalination

Desalination is the process of removing dissolved mineral salts and other impurities from seawater or brackish water in order to produce fresh water suitable for drinking, irrigation, or industrial uses. It can also be used to remove salts and minerals from other substances, such as agricultural soil. Desalination technologies, such as reverse osmosis, solar distillation, and electrodialysis, can help address water scarcity in arid regions or areas with limited freshwater sources. However, desalination can be energy-intensive and produce brine, a byproduct that requires careful management to minimise its environmental impact.